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<title>Athenaeus</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Athenaeus</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Athenaeus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Athenaeus (disambiguation)">Athenaeus (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Christian theologian, see <a href="Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Athenaeus of Naucratis</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Late 2nd century AD<br><a href="Naucratis" title="Naucratis">Naucratis</a>, <a href="Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> (modern-day Egypt)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Early 3rd century AD<br>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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<ul><li>Writer</li>

<li>grammarian</li>

<li><a href="Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetorician</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Athenaeus of <a href="Naucratis" title="Naucratis">Naucratis</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</span></span>, <a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀθήναιος ὁ Nαυκρατίτης</span> or Nαυκράτιος, <i>Athēnaios Naukratitēs</i> or <i>Naukratios</i>; <a href="Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Athenaeus Naucratita</i>) was an ancient Greek rhetorician and <a href="Grammarian_(Greco-Roman)" title="Grammarian (Greco-Roman)">grammarian</a>, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD. The <i><a href="Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i> says only that he lived in the times of <a href="Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, but the contempt with which he speaks of <a href="Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a>, who died in 192, implies that he survived that emperor. He was a contemporary of <a href="Adrantus" title="Adrantus">Adrantus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Athenaeus himself states that he was the author of a treatise on the <i>thratta</i>, a type of fish mentioned by <a href="Archippus_(poet)" title="Archippus (poet)">Archippus</a> and other comic poets, and of a history of the Syrian kings. Both works are lost. Of his works, only the fifteen-volume <i><a href="Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae</a></i> mostly survives.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Deipnosophistae">The <i>Deipnosophistae</i></h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae</a></div>

<p>The <i><a href="Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae</a></i>, which means 'dinner-table philosophers', survives in fifteen books. The first two books, and parts of the third, eleventh and fifteenth, are extant only in <a href="Epitome" title="Epitome">epitome</a>, but otherwise the work seems to be complete. It is an immense store-house of information, chiefly on matters connected with famous cooks, dining, but also containing remarks on music, songs, dances, philosophy, games, <a href="Hetaira" title="Hetaira">courtesans</a>, and luxury. Nearly 800 writers and 2,500 separate works are referred to by Athenaeus; one of his characters (not necessarily to be identified with the historical author himself) boasts of having read 800 plays of <a href="Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Athenian Middle Comedy</a> alone. Were it not for Athenaeus, much valuable information about the ancient world would be missing, and many ancient Greek authors such as <a href="Archestratus" title="Archestratus">Archestratus</a> would be almost entirely unknown. Book XIII, for example, is an important source for the study of sexuality in <a href="Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical</a> and <a href="Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a>, and a rare fragment of <a href="Theognetus" title="Theognetus">Theognetus</a>' work survives in 3.63.

</p><p>The <i>Deipnosophistae</i> professes to be an account given by an individual named Athenaeus to his friend Timocrates of a banquet held at the house of Larensius (Λαρήνσιος; in Latin: <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Livius_Larensis" class="extiw external" title="de:Publius Livius Larensis">Larensis</a>), a wealthy book-collector and patron of the arts. It is thus a dialogue within a dialogue, after the manner of <a href="Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, but the conversation extends to enormous length. The topics for discussion generally arise from the course of the dinner itself, but extend to literary and historical matters of every description, including abstruse points of grammar. The guests supposedly quote from memory. The actual sources of the material preserved in the <i>Deipnosophistae</i> remain obscure, but much of it probably comes at second hand from early scholars.

</p><p>The twenty-four named guests<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include individuals called Galen and Ulpian, but they are all probably fictitious personages, and the majority take no part in the conversation. If the character Ulpian is identical with <a href="Ulpian" title="Ulpian">the famous jurist</a>, the <i>Deipnosophistae</i> may have been written after his death in 223; but the jurist was murdered by the <a href="Praetorian_Guard" title="Praetorian Guard">Praetorian Guard</a>, whereas Ulpian in Athenaeus dies a natural death.

</p><p>The complete version of the text, with the gaps noted above, is preserved in only one <a href="Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a>, conventionally referred to as A. The epitomized version of the text is preserved in two manuscripts, conventionally known as C and E. The standard edition of the text is Olson's <a href="Bibliotheca_Teubneriana" title="Bibliotheca Teubneriana">Teubner</a>. The standard numbering is drawn largely from <a href="Isaac_Casaubon" title="Isaac Casaubon">Casaubon</a>.

</p><p>The encyclopaedist and author <a href="Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Sir Thomas Browne</a> wrote a short essay upon Athenaeus<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which reflects a revived interest in the <i>Banquet of the Learned</i> amongst scholars during the 17th century following its publication in 1612 by the Classical scholar <a href="Isaac_Casaubon" title="Isaac Casaubon">Isaac Casaubon</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1867" class="citation cs2"><a href="William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a> (1867), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051218152312/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0029.html">"Adrantus"</a>, in Smith, William (ed.), <i><a href="Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, vol. 1, Boston, p. 20, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0029.html">the original</a> on 2005-12-18<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-10</span></span></cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{citation}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKaibel1890" class="citation book cs1">Kaibel, Georg (1890). <i>Athenaei Naucratitae Dipnosophistarum Libri XV, Vol. 3</i>. Leipzig: Teubner. pp. <span class="nowrap">561–</span>564.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Sir Thomas Browne</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_a_reading_of_Athenaeus" class="extiw external" title="s:From a reading of Athenaeus">From a Reading of Athenaeus</a></i></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>David Braund and John Wilkins (eds.), <i>Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire</i>, Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2000. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-85989-661-7</bdi>.</li>

<li>Christian Jacob, <i>The Web of Athenaeus</i>, (Hellenic studies, 61), Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies at Harvard University, 2013.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Athenaeus" class="extiw external" title="q:Special:Search/Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalathenaeus.org">Digital Athenaeus Project</a> - University of Leipzig</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalathenaeus.org/tools/Casaubon-Kaibel_converter/">Digital Athenaeus - Casaubon-Kaibel reference converter</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/38538">Works by Athenæus</a> at <a href="Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Athenaeus%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Athenaeus%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Athenaeus%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Athenaeus%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Athenaeus</a> at the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2221">Works by Athenaeus</a> at <a href="LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></li>

<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=browse&scope=Literature.DeipnoSub">The Deipnosophists</a></i>, translated by C. D. Yonge, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/Literature/">The Literature Collection</a></li>

<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/info/athenaeus.html">The Deipnosophists</a></i>, translation of books 11–15 with links to Greek original, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org">attalus.org</a></li>

<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Athenaeus/home.html">The Deipnosophists</a></i>, translated up to Book 9 with links to complete Greek original, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html">LacusCurtius</a></li>

<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opengreekandlatin.github.io/athenaeus-dev/">The Deipnosophists</a></i>, open source XML version by the University of Leipzig, at Open Greek & Latin Project</li></ul>

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